Python Coding challenge - Day 944| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Defining a Custom Metaclass

class Meta(type):

Meta is a metaclass because it inherits from type.

A metaclass controls how classes are created.

2. Overriding the Metaclass __new__ Method

    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):

        dct["hello"] = lambda self: "hi"

        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, dct)

This method runs whenever a class using this metaclass is created.

Parameters:

cls → the metaclass (Meta)

name → name of the class being created ("A")

bases → parent classes

dct → dictionary of attributes defined inside the class

What it does:

Adds a new method called hello into the class dictionary.

hello is a function that returns "hi".

Then it calls type.__new__ to actually create the class.

So every class created using Meta will automatically get a hello() method.

3. Creating Class A with the Metaclass

class A(metaclass=Meta): pass

What happens internally:

Python calls:

Meta.__new__(Meta, "A", (), {})

Inside __new__, hello is injected into A.

Class A is created with:

class A:

    def hello(self):

        return "hi"

4. Calling the Injected Method

print(A().hello())

A() creates an object of class A.

hello() is called on that object.

It returns "hi".

print prints "hi".

5. Final Output

hi

Final Answer

✔ Output:

hi

700 Days Python Coding Challenges with Explanation