Python Coding challenge - Day 983| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Defining a Custom Metaclass

class Meta(type):

Meta is a metaclass because it inherits from type.

A metaclass controls how classes are created.

2. Overriding __new__ in the Metaclass

def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):

    return super().__new__(cls, name, (), dct)

__new__ is executed every time a class using this metaclass is created.

Instead of using the original bases, it forces bases to be empty ().

Python rule:

If no base class is provided, Python automatically inserts object.

3. Creating Class A

class A(metaclass=Meta): pass

What happens internally:

Meta.__new__ is called.

bases is replaced with ().

Python automatically inserts object.

Result:

A.__bases__ == (object,)

4. Creating Class B

class B(A): pass

Very important behavior:

B inherits the metaclass from its parent A.

So Meta.__new__ is also called for B.

Internally:

Meta.__new__(Meta, "B", (A,), {...})

The metaclass again replaces bases with ()

Python inserts object

Result:

B.__bases__ == (object,)

5. Printing the Base Classes

print(B.__bases__)

Prints the direct parent class(es) of B.

6. Final Output

(<class 'object'>,)

Final Answer

✔ Output:

(object,)

900 Days Python Coding Challenges with Explanation