Code Explanation:
🔹 1️⃣ Defining Class A
class A:
Creates a class named A
Inherits from object by default
🔹 2️⃣ Overriding __getattribute__
def __getattribute__(self, name):
__getattribute__ is a special method
It is called every time ANY attribute is accessed
It intercepts all attribute lookups
⚠ Important:
This runs even before checking:
Instance attributes
Class attributes
Descriptors
MRO
🔹 3️⃣ Custom Condition
if name == "x":
return 100
If someone tries to access attribute "x"
It immediately returns 100
Python will NOT continue normal lookup
This overrides everything.
🔹 4️⃣ Calling Parent for Other Attributes
return super().__getattribute__(name)
For all other attributes, we delegate to the normal lookup mechanism
Prevents infinite recursion
⚠ If we wrote:
return self.__dict__[name]
It could cause recursion issues.
🔹 5️⃣ Creating Object
a = A()
Creates instance a
a.__dict__ is empty initially
🔹 6️⃣ Assigning Instance Attribute
a.x = 5
This does:
Adds 'x': 5 into a.__dict__
So internally:
a.__dict__ = {'x': 5}
📌 Assignment does NOT use __getattribute__
It uses normal attribute setting.
🔹 7️⃣ Accessing a.x
print(a.x)
Here is what happens:
Step-by-step execution:
Python calls:
a.__getattribute__("x")
Inside __getattribute__
name == "x" → True
Immediately returns:
100
It NEVER checks:
a.__dict__
class attributes
MRO
descriptors
✅ Final Output
100
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