Python Coding Challange - Question with Answer (01250725)

 

Explanation:

✅ Step-by-step:

1. arr = [1, 2, 3]
   → Creates a list named arr.

2. arr2 = arr
   → This does not copy the list.
   → It means arr2 refers to the same list object in memory as arr.

3. arr2[0] = 100
   → Changes the first element of the list to 100.
   → Since both arr and arr2 point to the same list, this change is reflected in both.

4. print(arr)
   → Outputs the modified list.

---

✅ Output:

[100, 2, 3]

---

 Summary:

In Python, assigning one list to another variable (e.g., arr2 = arr) creates a reference, not a copy.

To make a copy, you'd need:

arr2 = arr.copy()  # or arr2 = arr[:]

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Python Coding Challange - Question with Answer (01240725)

 

Explanation:

1. Initialization:

   
   i = 5

   • A variable i is set to 5.

2. Loop Condition:

   
   while i > 0:

   • The loop runs as long as i is greater than 0.

3. Decrement i:

   i -= 1

   • In each iteration, i is reduced by 1 before any checks or printing.

4. Check for break:

   python
   if i == 2:
      break

   • If i becomes 2, the loop immediately stops (breaks).

5. Print i:

   • If i is not 2, it prints the current value of i.

---

🔄 Iteration Details:

Before Loop	i = 5
Iteration 1	i becomes 4 → i != 2 → print(4)
Iteration 2	i becomes 3 → i != 2 → print(3)
Iteration 3	i becomes 2 → i == 2 → breaks loop

✅ Output:

4
3

---

Key Concept:

• break immediately stops the loop when the condition is met.

• i -= 1 happens before the if check and print().

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Python Coding challenge - Day 627| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 Code Explanation:

1. from typing import Generator

Explanation:

This line imports the Generator type hint from Python's typing module.

It's used to annotate generator functions for better readability and static type checking.

Generator[YIELD_TYPE, SEND_TYPE, RETURN_TYPE] — here you'll specify the type of values yielded, sent, and returned.

2. def count_up(n: int) -> Generator[int, None, None]:

Explanation:

This defines a function named count_up that takes a single argument n of type int.

The return type is annotated as Generator[int, None, None], meaning:

It yields values of type int.

It does not receive values via .send().

It does not return a final value using return.

3. for i in range(1, n+1):

Explanation:

This creates a for loop that iterates over the numbers from 1 to n, inclusive.

range(1, n+1) generates numbers from 1 up to and including n.

4. yield i

Explanation:

yield makes the function a generator.

Each time count_up() is iterated (e.g., in a loop or converted to a list), it will yield the next value of i.

This pauses the function, returning i to the caller, and resumes from the same place on the next iteration.

5. print(list(count_up(3)))

Explanation:

count_up(3) creates a generator that yields 1, 2, and 3.

list(...) consumes the generator and turns the yielded values into a list: [1, 2, 3].

print(...) outputs that list to the console.

Output:

[1, 2, 3]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 628| What is the output of the following Python Code?

Code Explanation:

1. import uuid

Explanation:

This imports Python's built-in uuid module.

The uuid module allows you to generate universally unique identifiers (UUIDs).

uuid.uuid4() generates a random UUID based on random numbers.

2. def uuid_generator(n):

Explanation:

This defines a generator function named uuid_generator.

It takes a single argument n, which indicates how many UUIDs to generate.

3. for _ in range(n):

Explanation:

This loop runs n times.

The underscore _ is used here as a throwaway variable, since we don’t need the loop index.

4. yield uuid.uuid4()

Explanation:

In each loop iteration, the generator yields a new randomly-generated UUID using uuid.uuid4().

This makes uuid_generator(n) a generator that yields n UUIDs.

5. print(len(list(uuid_generator(3))))

Explanation:

uuid_generator(3) returns a generator that will yield 3 UUIDs.

list(...) consumes the generator, creating a list of 3 UUIDs.

len(...) calculates the length of that list — which is 3.

print(...) prints that number (3) to the console.

Output:

3

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Python Coding Challange - Question with Answer (01230725)

 

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Define a global variable:

   count = 0

   • A variable count is initialized in the global scope with value 0.

2. Define a function counter:

   def counter():
       global count 
       count += 1

   • The global keyword tells Python:

     "Use the count variable from the global scope, not a new local one."

3. First function call:

   counter()

   • count += 1 → count = 0 + 1 → count = 1

4. Second function call:

   
   counter()

   • count += 1 → count = 1 + 1 → count = 2

5. Print the result:

   
   print(count)

   • This prints:

     2

---

✅ Output:

2

---

Key Concept:

• global allows a function to modify a variable defined outside the function.

• Without global, Python would assume count is local, and you'd get an UnboundLocalError.

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Python Coding challenge - Day 626| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code  Explanation:

1. Import Enum

from enum import Enum

You're importing the Enum class from Python's enum module.

Enum is used to create enumerations: named constants that are unique and immutable.

2. Define Enum Class

class Color(Enum):

    RED = 1

    GREEN = 2

This defines an enumeration named Color with two members:

Color.RED with value 1

Color.GREEN with value 2

3. Generator Function

def colors():

    yield Color.RED

    yield Color.GREEN

This is a generator function named colors.

It yields two enum members: Color.RED and Color.GREEN.

4. List Comprehension with .name

print([c.name for c in colors()])

This line:

Calls the colors() generator

Iterates through each yielded value

Accesses the .name attribute of each Color enum member

Color.RED.name → "RED"

Color.GREEN.name → "GREEN"

The result is a list of strings: ['RED', 'GREEN']

Final Output

['RED', 'GREEN']

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Python Coding challenge - Day 625| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

 1. Function Definition

def flatten(lst):

This defines a recursive generator function named flatten.

It takes one argument lst, which is expected to be a list (possibly nested).

2. For Loop: Iterating Over the List

    for item in lst:

This line iterates through each element in the list lst.

item can be an individual element (like an int or string) or another list.

3. Check for Nested List

        if isinstance(item, list):

This checks whether the current item is a list.

If it is, the function recursively calls itself to handle further flattening.

Recursive Case: Use yield from

            yield from flatten(item)

yield from is a special Python syntax that delegates iteration to another generator.

It recursively calls flatten(item) to flatten any nested sublist.

All values yielded from the recursive call are passed upward.

5. Base Case: Yield Atomic Element

        else:

            yield item

If item is not a list, it is a base value (like an integer).

The function simply yields the value, adding it to the flattened output.

6. Final Call & Output

print(list(flatten([1, [2, [3, 4], 5]])))

This calls the flatten function with a nested list.

The result is converted to a list using list(...), since flatten returns a generator.

Output:

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 623| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

Function Definition

def repeat_double(n):

Defines a generator function named repeat_double that takes a single argument n.

The generator will yield (produce) values one at a time when iterated over.

Loop Through Range

    for i in range(n):

A for loop runs from i = 0 to i = n - 1.

range(n) generates a sequence of numbers: [0, 1, 2, ..., n-1].

Yield First Value

        yield i

yield pauses the function and returns the value of i to the caller.

The function's state is saved so it can resume from here later.

Yield Double Value

        yield i * 2

After yielding i, the function resumes and yields i * 2 (i.e., double the value).

So for each iteration, it gives two values: i and i*2.

Calling the Function and Printing

print(list(repeat_double(3)))

Calls the repeat_double generator with n = 3.

This means the loop runs for i = 0, 1, and 2.

The values yielded are:

For i = 0: yields 0, 0

For i = 1: yields 1, 2

For i = 2: yields 2, 4

These values are collected into a list using list().

Final Output

[0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 4]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 624| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

Function Definition

def safe_gen():

This defines a generator function named safe_gen.

It will yield values one at a time using the yield keyword.

Try Block Starts

    try:

Begins a try block to handle exceptions that may occur during the yield statements.

First Yield

        yield 1

The first value 1 is yielded successfully.

The generator pauses here and waits for the next iteration.

Second Yield — Division by Zero

        yield 2 / 0

When execution resumes, it tries to compute 2 / 0, which raises a ZeroDivisionError.

The error is caught by the except block, and this yield never completes.

Third Yield (Skipped)

        yield 3

This line is never executed, because control jumps to the except block once the exception is raised.

Exception Handling

    except ZeroDivisionError:

        yield "Error caught"

This catches the ZeroDivisionError from 2 / 0.

Instead of crashing, it yields the string "Error caught".

Calling and Printing

print(list(safe_gen()))

This runs the generator and collects all yielded values into a list:

First, 1 is yielded.

Then 2 / 0 causes an exception.

Instead of stopping, "Error caught" is yielded from the except block.

yield 3 is skipped due to the error.

Final Output

[1, 'Error caught']

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Python Coding Challange - Question with Answer (01220725)

 

Explanation

🔸 x = int("abc")

• This line tries to convert the string "abc" into an integer.

• But "abc" is not a valid integer, so Python raises a:

  ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'

🔸 except ValueError:

• This catches the ValueError and executes the code inside the except block.

🔸 print("fail")

• Since the error was caught, it prints:

  
  fail

---

✅ Output:

fail

---

Key Concept:

• try-except is used to handle errors gracefully.

• int("abc") fails, but the program doesn’t crash because the except block handles the error.

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Python Coding challenge - Day 622| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Define the function flatten_once(lst)

def flatten_once(lst):

This function is a generator that flattens a list only one level deep.

2. Loop over the list elements

for sub in lst:

Iterates over each item in the list lst.

For the input:

[1, [2, 3], 4]

The elements in order are:

1 (not a list)

[2, 3] (a list)

4 (not a list)

3. Check if element is a list

if isinstance(sub, list):

If the current element is a list, we want to yield its items individually.

4. Yield items based on type

If it's a list:

yield from sub

For [2, 3], this means yield 2, then 3.

If it's not a list:

yield sub

For 1 and 4, they are yielded directly.

How it Processes the Input

Given:

flatten_once([1, [2, 3], 4])

The generator yields:

1 → from yield sub

2 → from yield from [2, 3]

3 → from yield from [2, 3]

4 → from yield sub

Final Output

[1, 2, 3, 4]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 621| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

 Code Explanation:

1. import random

Loads the random module.

This allows us to use random.randint(1, 6) to simulate a dice roll.

2. Define the generator function dice_rolls(n)

def dice_rolls(n):

    for _ in range(n):

        yield random.randint(1, 6)

This function doesn't execute until it's called.

When called, it yields n random values between 1 and 6, one at a time.

3. Execute dice_rolls(4)

list(dice_rolls(4))

Calls the generator to get 4 dice rolls.

Example output from dice_rolls(4) might be: [3, 6, 1, 5]

Note: Dice rolls are random, so the exact numbers will vary.

4. len(...) counts the rolls

len([3, 6, 1, 5])  # Example result

The length of the list is 4 because we rolled the dice 4 times.

5. print(...) prints the count

print(4)

So the final output is:

Final Output

4

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Python Coding Challange - Question with Answer (01210725)

 

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Define function f()

   • Inside f(), x is first assigned the value 1.

2. Define nested function g()

   • Inside g(), the statement print(x) is not executed yet, it’s just stored as part of the function definition.

3. Reassign x to 2

   • Still inside f(), x is updated to 2 before calling g().

4. Call g()

   g()

   • Now g() is executed.

   • Python follows lexical (static) scoping, so g() looks for x in the enclosing scope, which is f().

   • Since x = 2 at the time of g() execution, it prints:

---

✅ Output:

2

---

Key Concept:

• Python uses lexical scoping (also called static scoping).

• The value of x that g() sees is the one from its enclosing function f(), as it exists at the time g() is called — in this case, x = 2.

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Python Coding Challange - Question with Answer (01200725)

 

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Initialize a variable:

   
   total = 0

   • A variable total is created and set to 0. It will be used to accumulate the sum.

2. For loop:

   
   for i in range(1, 5):
       total += i

   • range(1, 5) generates the numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4 (remember, the end is exclusive).

   • The loop adds each of these values to total.

   Here's what happens on each iteration:

   • i = 1: total = 0 + 1 = 1

   • i = 2: total = 1 + 2 = 3

   • i = 3: total = 3 + 3 = 6

   • i = 4: total = 6 + 4 = 10

3. Print the result:

   
   print(total)

   • It prints the final value of total, which is:

---

✅ Output:

10

---

Key Concept:

• range(start, end) includes the start but excludes the end.

• += is a shorthand for total = total + i.

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Python Coding challenge - Day 620| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Function Definition

def track_yields():

Defines a generator function named track_yields.

This function will yield values one at a time when iterated.

2. For Loop: Iterating Over a Range

    for i in range(3):

Loops through the values 0, 1, and 2.

3. Print Before Yielding

        print(f"Yielding {i}")

Prints a message before yielding each value.

Helps track when a value is being prepared to yield.

4. Yield Statement

        yield i

Yields the current value of i to the calling loop.

Pauses the function until the next iteration is requested.

5. Print After Loop Completion

    print("Done")

After all items from range(3) are yielded, this line is executed.

Indicates that the generator has completed.

6. For Loop Consuming the Generator

for val in track_yields():

    pass

Iterates through all values yielded by track_yields().

pass means the loop does nothing with val, but still causes the generator to run.

7. Output

Even though the loop body does nothing, track_yields() still prints messages due to print() inside the generator:

Yielding 0

Yielding 1

Yielding 2

Done

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Python Coding challenge - Day 619| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Function Definition

def walk_tree(node):

Defines a function walk_tree that takes one parameter node.

node can be an int or a nested list of ints/lists.

2. Check if Node is an Integer

    if isinstance(node, int):

Checks whether the current node is an int.

This is the base case in the recursion.

3. Yield the Integer

        yield node

If node is an integer, yield it (output it from the generator).

This means the function pauses here and returns the value to the caller.

4. Handle the List Case

    else:

If node is not an integer (i.e., it's a list), this block executes.

5. Loop Through Sub-Nodes

        for sub in node:

Iterates over each element (sub) in the list node.

Each element may itself be an int or another list.

6. Recursive Call and Yield

            yield from walk_tree(sub)

Recursively calls walk_tree on each sub.

yield from means: yield all values produced by the recursive call.

7. Define the Tree Structure

tree = [1, [2, [3, 4]], 5]

Creates a nested list (tree-like structure).

It contains integers and nested sublists.

8. Print the Flattened Tree

print(list(walk_tree(tree)))

Calls walk_tree(tree) to start traversing.

Wraps the generator with list() to evaluate all yields into a single list.

Prints the resulting flat list of integers:

Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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Python Coding Challange - Question with Answer (01190725)

 

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Initialize a list:

   
   backpack = [0]

   • A list backpack is created with one item: [0].

2. Call the function:

   
   add_item(backpack)

   • The list backpack is passed to the function add_item.

   • Inside the function, the parameter bag refers to the same list object as backpack.

3. Inside the function:

   
   bag += [1]

   • This modifies the original list in place.

   • += on a list performs in-place addition, equivalent to bag.extend([1]).

   • So bag (and therefore backpack) becomes [0, 1].

4. Print the list:

   
   print(backpack)

   • The backpack list has been changed, so it prints:

     
     [0, 1]

---

✅ Output:

[0, 1]

---

Key Concept:

• Mutable objects like lists can be modified inside functions.

• Using += on a list modifies the original list in-place.

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Python Coding challenge - Day 618| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

 1. Importing the heapq Module

import heapq

The heapq module provides functions for heap (priority queue) operations.

It also includes heapq.merge(), which merges multiple sorted inputs into a single sorted iterator efficiently.

2. Defining the Function: merge_sorted()

def merge_sorted():

A function named merge_sorted is defined.

It doesn’t take any arguments and returns the merged result of two sorted lists.

3. Creating Two Sorted Lists

    a = [1, 3, 5]

    b = [2, 4, 6]

List a contains sorted odd numbers.

List b contains sorted even numbers.

Both are sorted in ascending order.

 4. Merging the Sorted Lists

    return heapq.merge(a, b)

heapq.merge(a, b) merges both already sorted lists into a sorted iterator.

Unlike a + b followed by sorted(), this does not load all data into memory.

It returns a lazy iterator, which yields the next smallest element on each iteration.

5. Printing the Merged Output

print(list(merge_sorted()))

The merged iterator is converted into a list using list(...), which triggers the iteration and collects all results.

print(...) displays the final sorted merged list.

Output:

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 617| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Importing the json Module

import json

Imports Python’s built-in json module.

This module allows you to parse JSON-formatted strings into Python objects (like lists and dictionaries).

2. JSON String as Input

data = '[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}]'

data is a JSON-formatted string representing a list of dictionaries.

Each dictionary has a single key "a" with an integer value.

Equivalent Python object after parsing:

[{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"a": 3}]

3. Defining the Generator Function

def extract_values(json_str):

This defines a function named extract_values that takes a JSON string as input.

It will yield (generate) values from the key 'a' in each dictionary.

4. Parsing and Iterating Over JSON Data

    for obj in json.loads(json_str):

json.loads(json_str) converts the JSON string into a Python list of dictionaries.

The loop iterates over each dictionary (obj) in that list.

5. Yielding Values from Key 'a'

        yield obj['a']

For each dictionary in the list, the function yields the value associated with the key 'a'.

So this yields: 1, then 2, then 3.

6. Calling the Function and Summing the Values

print(sum(extract_values(data)))

extract_values(data) returns a generator that yields 1, 2, 3.

sum(...) calculates the total sum of these values:

1 + 2 + 3 = 6

print(...) displays the result.

Output:

6

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Python Coding challenge - Day 616| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Importing the heapq Module

import heapq

The heapq module provides an implementation of the heap queue algorithm.

It's mainly used to get largest or smallest elements efficiently from a dataset.

2. Defining the Function: top_n()

def top_n(nums, n=2):

This defines a function named top_n.

It takes two arguments:

nums: a list of numbers.

n: the number of top elements to return (default is 2).

3. Using heapq.nlargest() and Generator Expression

 return (x for x in heapq.nlargest(n, nums))

heapq.nlargest(n, nums) returns the n largest elements from the list nums, in descending order.

This line wraps that result in a generator expression:

(x for x in ...) lazily yields each value one-by-one (memory efficient).

This means values aren’t immediately stored in a list until explicitly asked.

Example:

For nums = [5, 1, 9, 3] and n = 2:

heapq.nlargest(2, [5, 1, 9, 3]) → [9, 5]

The generator yields: 9, 5

4. Calling the Function and Printing Result

print(list(top_n([5, 1, 9, 3], 2)))

top_n([5, 1, 9, 3], 2) returns a generator that yields [9, 5].

list(...) converts the generator to a list.

Finally, it prints the list.

Output:

[9, 5]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 615| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Defining the Generator Function

def logic():

This line defines a function named logic.

The function will use a yield statement, which makes it a generator function.

A generator function returns an iterator that yields values one at a time using the yield keyword.

2. Outer Loop

    for i in range(2):

This is a for loop that iterates over the range from 0 to 1 (since range(2) generates [0, 1]).

The variable i will take the values 0 and then 1.

3. Inner Loop

        for j in range(2):

For each value of i, another loop runs where j takes the values 0 and then 1.

This forms a nested loop, so you get all combinations of i and j.

4. Yielding a Tuple

            yield (i, j)

Instead of returning a value immediately, this line yields a tuple (i, j) to the caller.

yield pauses the function and sends the value back, resuming from the same point the next time it's called.

This will yield the following 4 tuples over all iterations: (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1).

5. Printing the Results

print(list(logic()))

logic() returns a generator object.

Wrapping it with list() forces the generator to evaluate all its values and return them as a list.

The output will be:

[(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]

Final Output

[(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 614| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Generator Function letters()

def letters():

    yield from ['x', 'y']

This defines a generator function named letters.

yield from ['x', 'y'] tells the generator to yield each item from the list ['x', 'y'].

So, when you call letters(), it will generate 'x', then 'y'.

2. Generator Function numbers()

def numbers():

    yield from [1, 2]

Similar to the previous one, this defines a generator function numbers.

It yields 1, then 2.

3. Using zip to Pair Generator Outputs

z = zip(letters(), numbers())

zip() takes two iterable objects and pairs their elements one by one into tuples.

Since both letters() and numbers() return generators, zip() will combine:

'x' from letters() with 1 from numbers() → ('x', 1)

'y' from letters() with 2 from numbers() → ('y', 2)

4. Convert the Zipped Result to a List and Print

print(list(z))

list(z) forces the evaluation of the generator and converts the output to a list:

[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]

print(...) displays this list on the screen.

Final Output

[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]

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Python Coding challenge - Day 613| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Function Definition

def chooser(val):

This line defines a function named chooser that takes a single argument val.

This function uses a generator (because of yield from used inside), which means it will produce values one at a time when iterated over, rather than returning a single value.

2. Conditional Logic with yield from

    if val == "a":

        yield from [1, 2]

If the input val is equal to the string "a", then:

yield from [1, 2] will yield each element from the list [1, 2] one by one.

So the generator would produce: 1, then 2.

    else:

        yield from [3, 4]

If the input val is anything other than "a", the else block runs.

It yields each element of the list [3, 4] one by one.

So it would produce: 3, then 4.

3. Calling the Generator and Printing Output

print(list(chooser("b")))

Here, the function chooser("b") is called with the argument "b".

Since "b" is not equal to "a", it follows the else path and yields 3, 4.

list(...) converts the generator's yielded values into a list: [3, 4].

print(...) then outputs that list to the console.

Final Output

[3, 4]

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