Code Explanation:
Line 1 — Creating the Class
class Box:
class keyword is used to create a class.
Box is the name of the class.
This class will be used to create Box objects.
Line 2 — Constructor
def __init__(self, x):
__init__() is a special method called automatically when an object is created.
self represents the current object.
x receives the value passed while creating the object.
For example:
Box(10)
Here, x gets the value 10.
Line 3 — Storing the Value
self.x = x
self.x creates an instance attribute.
The value received in x is stored inside the object.
So, for Box(10), the object stores x = 10.
Line 4 — Defining Addition Behavior
def __add__(self, other):
__add__() is a special/magic method.
It controls what happens when the + operator is used with objects.
self represents the first object.
other represents the second object.
So:
a + b
internally calls:
a.__add__(b)
Line 5 — Returning a New Object
return Box(self.x + other.x)
self.x gets the value from the first object.
other.x gets the value from the second object.
Their values are added.
A new Box object is created with the result.
For a = Box(10) and b = Box(20):
10 + 20 → 30
So this returns:
Box(30)
Line 6 — Creating First Object
a = Box(10)
A Box object is created.
10 is passed to __init__().
Therefore:
a.x = 10
Line 7 — Creating Second Object
b = Box(20)
Another Box object is created.
20 is passed to the constructor.
Therefore:
b.x = 20
Line 8 — Performing Addition and Printing
print((a + b).x)
This is the most important line.
First:
a + b
calls:
a.__add__(b)
Then:
self.x + other.x
becomes:
10 + 20
which creates:
Box(30)
Finally:
(...).x
accesses the x value of the new object.
Output
30
.png)
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