Let’s break this step by step ๐
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This defines a function modify that takes a parameter z.
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Inside the function, z = z ** 2 means: "take z and replace it with its square."
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But this assignment only changes the local copy of z inside the function.
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When calling modify(val), Python passes the value 4 into the function.
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Inside the function, z becomes 4, then z = 16.
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However, z is just a local variable inside modify.
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The original val outside the function remains unchanged because integers in Python are immutable.


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