Code Explanation:
1. Defining Class A
class A:
Explanation:
This line defines a class named A.
A class is a template used to create objects.
2. Defining __getattribute__ Method
def __getattribute__(self, name):
Explanation:
__getattribute__ is a special (magic) method in Python.
It is automatically called every time any attribute of an object is accessed.
self → the current object
name → the attribute name being accessed.
Example:
When we write a.x, Python internally calls:
a.__getattribute__("x")
3. Checking if Attribute Name is "x"
if name == "x":
return 10
Explanation:
If the attribute being accessed is x, the method returns 10.
This means any access to a.x will return 10, even if x is not defined.
So:
a.x → 10
4. Accessing Default Attribute Behavior
return super().__getattribute__(name)
Explanation:
If the attribute is not "x", Python calls the parent class implementation of __getattribute__.
super() refers to the base object behavior.
This line tells Python to look for the attribute normally.
If the attribute exists → return it.
If it does not exist → Python will trigger __getattr__.
5. Defining __getattr__
def __getattr__(self, name):
return 20
Explanation:
__getattr__ is another special method.
It is called only when the attribute is not found normally.
It returns 20 for any missing attribute.
So if an attribute does not exist, Python returns:
20
6. Creating an Object
a = A()
Explanation:
This creates an object a of class A.
7. Printing Attributes
print(a.x, a.y)
Python evaluates this in two parts.
7.1 Accessing a.x
Python calls:
a.__getattribute__("x")
Inside __getattribute__:
name == "x" → True
Returns 10
So:
a.x → 10
7.2 Accessing a.y
Python calls:
a.__getattribute__("y")
Inside __getattribute__:
name == "x" → False
Calls:
super().__getattribute__("y")
But y does not exist in the object.
So Python calls:
__getattr__("y")
This returns:
20
So:
a.y → 20
8. Final Output
10 20
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