Python Coding challenge - Day 1101| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1️⃣ Defining the Outer Function

def outer():

Explanation

A function named outer is defined.

It will contain nested functions inside it.

2️⃣ Creating a Variable in Outer Scope

x = 1

Explanation

A variable x is created inside outer.

This variable belongs to the enclosing scope.

3️⃣ Defining Inner Function

def inner():

Explanation

A function inner is defined inside outer.

It has access to variables of outer (like x).

4️⃣ Defining Nested Function

def nested():

Explanation

A function nested is defined inside inner.

This creates 3 levels of nesting:

outer → inner → nested

5️⃣ Returning Value from Nested Function

return x

Explanation

nested() returns the value of x.

Even though x is not inside nested, it is accessible via closure.

6️⃣ Returning Nested Function

return nested

Explanation

inner() returns the function nested (not calling it).

So inner() gives back a function object.

7️⃣ Returning Inner Function

return inner

Explanation

outer() returns the function inner.

Again, function is returned, not executed.

8️⃣ Calling Outer Function

f = outer()

Explanation

outer() runs.

Returns inner.

So:

f → inner function

9️⃣ Calling Inner Function

g = f()

Explanation

f() calls inner().

inner() returns nested.

So:

g → nested function

🔟 Calling Nested Function

print(g())

Explanation

g() calls nested().

nested() returns x.

👉 Where is x coming from?

From outer function scope (closure)

📤 Final Output

1

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