Code Explanation:
1. Defining the Class
class Num:
This line defines a class named Num.
A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
2. Constructor Method (__init__)
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x
__init__ is called automatically when an object is created.
self refers to the current object.
self.x = x stores the value of x inside the object.
3. Overloading the + Operator
def __add__(self, other):
__add__ is a special (magic) method.
It is called when the + operator is used between two Num objects.
self → left operand
other → right operand
4. Modifying the Object Inside __add__
self.x += other.x
Adds other.x to self.x.
This changes the value of self.x permanently.
Here, the original object (a) is modified.
5. Returning the Object
return self
Returns the same object (self) after modification.
No new object is created.
6. Creating Object a
a = Num(5)
Creates an object a.
a.x is initialized to 5.
7. Creating Object b
b = Num(3)
Creates another object b.
b.x is initialized to 3.
8. Adding Objects
c = a + b
Calls a.__add__(b).
self → a, other → b.
a.x becomes 5 + 3 = 8.
self (which is a) is returned.
c now refers to the same object as a.
9. Printing the Values
print(a.x, b.x, c.x)
a.x → 8 (modified)
b.x → 3 (unchanged)
c.x → 8 (same as a.x)
10. Final Output
8 3 8
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