3D Concentric Circle Parametric using Python

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

num_circles=10

radius_step=0.5

z_step=1

t=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))

ax=fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')

for i in range(num_circles):

    r=(i+1)*radius_step

    z_layer=i*z_step

    x=r*np.cos(t)

    y=r*np.sin(t)

    z=np.full_like(t,z_layer)

    ax.plot(x,y,z,label=f'Circle {i+1}')

ax.set_title('3D Concetric Circle')

ax.set_xlabel('X axis')

ax.set_ylabel('Y axis')

ax.set_zlabel('Z axis')

ax.set_box_aspect([1,1,2])

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

#source code --> clcoding.com 

Code Explanation:

1. Importing Libraries

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

numpy: A library for numerical computations, especially for handling arrays and performing mathematical operations. In this case, it's used for generating a range of values (t), creating arrays for X, Y, and Z coordinates, and performing mathematical operations like cos and sin.

 matplotlib.pyplot: A library used for creating visualizations in Python. The pyplot module is a simple interface for creating various types of plots, including 3D plots.

 2. Define Parameters for the Plot

num_circles = 10  # Number of concentric circles

radius_step = 0.5  # Step size for radius of each circle

z_step = 1  # Step size for the Z-coordinate of each circle

t = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)  # Create a set of 100 points from 0 to 2π for parametric circle

num_circles: Specifies the number of concentric circles to plot (in this case, 10 circles).

 radius_step: This defines how much the radius of each successive circle increases. The first circle has a radius of 0.5, the second one has 1.0, and so on.

 z_step: Controls how much the Z-coordinate (height) increases for each successive circle. This step is 1, so each circle is placed one unit higher than the previous one on the Z-axis.

 t = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100): Generates 100 evenly spaced values between 0 and 2π. These values will be used to parametrize the circle in the X-Y plane using cosine and sine functions.

 3. Set Up the Plot

 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))  # Create a figure with a specific size

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')  # Create a 3D axis for the plot

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6)): Initializes a figure for plotting with a specified size of 6 inches by 6 inches.

 ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d'): Adds a 3D subplot to the figure. The argument 111 means there is only one subplot, and projection='3d' ensures that the plot will be 3D.

 4. Loop to Draw Concentric Circles

for i in range(num_circles):  # Loop over the number of circles

    r = (i + 1) * radius_step  # Calculate the radius for the current circle

    z_layer = i * z_step  # Calculate the Z position for the current circle

    x = r * np.cos(t)  # X-coordinates of the circle using the parametric equation

    y = r * np.sin(t)  # Y-coordinates of the circle using the parametric equation

    z = np.full_like(t, z_layer)  # Create an array of Z values for the circle (constant)

    ax.plot(x, y, z, label=f'Circle {i + 1}')  # Plot the current circle with label

for i in range(num_circles):: A loop that runs from i = 0 to i = num_circles - 1 (in this case, 10 iterations for 10 circles).

 r = (i + 1) * radius_step: The radius of the current circle is calculated by multiplying (i + 1) by radius_step. This ensures the radius increases as we move through the loop.

 z_layer = i * z_step: The Z-coordinate (height) of the current circle is calculated by multiplying i by z_step. This places each circle higher on the Z-axis by one unit.

 x = r * np.cos(t): The X-coordinate is calculated using the parametric equation for a circle, where r is the radius and t is the angle between 0 and 2π. cos(t) gives the X position for each point on the circle.

 y = r * np.sin(t): Similarly, the Y-coordinate is calculated using sin(t) for each value in t.

 z = np.full_like(t, z_layer): The Z-coordinate for all points of the circle is the same (z_layer), ensuring the circle lies flat at a constant height.

 ax.plot(x, y, z, label=f'Circle {i + 1}'): This line actually plots the circle using the x, y, and z values. The label is used to identify the circle in the plot's legend.

 5. Set Titles and Labels

ax.set_title("3D Concentric Circles (Parametric)")  # Set the title of the plot

ax.set_xlabel("X axis")  # Label the X-axis

ax.set_ylabel("Y axis")  # Label the Y-axis

ax.set_zlabel("Z axis")  # Label the Z-axis

ax.set_box_aspect([1, 1, 2])  # Adjust the aspect ratio of the plot (stretch the Z-axis)

ax.set_title("3D Concentric Circles (Parametric)"): Sets the title of the 3D plot to "3D Concentric Circles (Parametric)".

 ax.set_xlabel("X axis"), ax.set_ylabel("Y axis"), ax.set_zlabel("Z axis"): Labels the X, Y, and Z axes of the 3D plot.

 ax.set_box_aspect([1, 1, 2]): Adjusts the aspect ratio of the plot. In this case, the Z-axis is stretched twice as much as the X and Y axes to give a better view of the concentric circles in 3D.

 6. Final Layout Adjustment and Plot Display

plt.tight_layout()  # Adjust the layout to prevent clipping

plt.show()  # Display the plot

plt.tight_layout(): Automatically adjusts the layout of the plot to make sure everything fits nicely within the figure.

 plt.show(): Displays the plot. This is the final step that renders the figure on the screen.