Python Coding challenge - Day 1301| What is the output of the following Python Code?

 

Code Explanation:

1. Defining the Outer Function

def multiplier(n):

- Defines a function named multiplier.

- It accepts one parameter n.

- This function will create another function that remembers the value of n.

- This is the foundation of a Closure in Python.

2. Defining the Inner Function

    def calculate(x):

- Defines an inner function named calculate.

- It accepts one parameter x.

- Since this function is defined inside multiplier(), it can access variables from the outer function.

3. Returning the Calculation

        return x * n

- Multiplies x by n.

- Here, x is a local parameter of calculate().

- n comes from the enclosing multiplier() function.

- Even after the outer function finishes executing, the inner function remembers the value of n.

Important: This ability to remember variables from an enclosing scope is called a closure.

4. Returning the Inner Function

    return calculate

- Returns the inner function itself, not its result.

- Notice that we use calculate, not calculate().

- This allows the returned function to be stored in another variable and called later.

5. Creating the Double Function

double = multiplier(2)

- Calls multiplier() with n = 2.

- The inner function calculate is returned.

- It remembers that n is 2.

- The returned function is stored in double.

So logically:

double(x) = x * 2

6. Creating the Triple Function

triple = multiplier(3)

- Calls multiplier() again, this time with n = 3.

- A new inner function is returned.

- This function remembers n = 3.

- It is stored in the variable triple.

So logically:

triple(x) = x * 3

7. Calling Both Functions

print(double(triple(4)))

Let's evaluate this expression step by step.

Step 1: Execute the innermost function:

triple(4)

Since triple remembers n = 3:

4 * 3 = 12

Step 2: Pass the result to double():

double(12)

Since double remembers n = 2:

12 * 2 = 24

Step 3: Print the final result:

print(24)

Final Output

24

Books: 100 Python Programs for Beginner with explanation